1. 基础环境检查

1.1检查swap分区

#free -h  #检查是否存swap分区，oracle安装时需要存在swap分区
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1.2关闭防火墙

#systemctl status firewalld  
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1.3关闭selinux:

一般选择临时关闭，防止服务器重启带来其他意外情况

临时关闭：      #setenforce  0      
查看状态：      #sestatus -v
永久关闭：      #vi /etc/selinux/config    将配置文件中的SELINUX=enforcing，改为SELINUX=disabled，重启系统。
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1.4修改主机名（可选）和host

视情况更改hostname，只要保证hostname能够识别到本机就好
如果该服务器只做oracle服务，可以把hostname改为oracle

#echo "oracle" > /etc/hostname
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如果服务器是综合应用，保留当前hostname，保证hostname能识别本机

#echo "127.0.0.1 oracle" >> /etc/hosts
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1.5安装依赖包

#yum install gcc gcc-c++ libaio-devel compat-gcc-34 compat-gcc-34-c++
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本次安装时compat-gcc-34-c++ 缺少依赖 libstdc++ < 4.5.0，本机已经安装libstdc+±4.8.5。于是将compat-gcc-34-c++更新为compat-gcc-44-c++。

2、基础配置修改

2.1修改内核参数

#vim /etc/sysctl.conf 
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 32903162
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

其中kernel.shmmax = 32903162 建议数值为服务器内存一半
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2.2修改pam验证登录

#vim /etc/pam.d/login    #在尾行增加如下内容
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
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2.3修改用户配置文件

#vim /etc/profile    #在最后添加
export LIBXCB_ALLOW_SLOPPY_LOCK=true
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi
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2.4修改系统资源限制

#cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536    
oracle soft stack 10240
EOF
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2.5准备用户与组

#groupadd oinstall
#groupadd dba
#useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle   #G和g不要搞反

id oracle #验证oracle的组归属
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(oinstall) groups=1001(oinstall),1002(dba)
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2.6准备安装目录

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 # mkdir /u01/app/oraInventory # chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01 # chmod -R 755 /u01
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2.7配置oracle用户环境变量

cat >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile <<EOF

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export LANG=C
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
export PATH
EOF
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3、静默安装

3.1解压oracle安装包
#我的安装包目录在/home/oracle/database，要按照先后顺序进行解压

unzip ./linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip # unzip ./linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
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3.2修改应答文件
db_install.rsp：安装应答
dbca.rsp：创建数据库应答
netca.rsp：建立监听、本地服务名等网络设置的应答#

应答文件主要是在静默安装的时候，直接让程序读取配置项，不再进行图形化选择或者输入。以上分别为安装软件时配置文件、建库时配置文件、建立监听时配置文件

#cd /home/oracle/database/database/response
#cp db_install.rsp db_install.rsp.default
#vim db_install.rsp
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oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false
#oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.2.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.2.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.2.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.2.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.2.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.2.0
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true   #忽略邮箱为空的选项
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3.3软件静默安装

#cd /home/oracle/database/ 
#./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/database/database/response/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq
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#如果正常，会弹出log目录所在，可以tail -f /dir/*.log 查看进度。如果上述response文件设置不正常，根据log查询问题所在。

1.	[oracle@oracle database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/database/database/response/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq
2.	Starting Oracle Universal Installer... 
3.	Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.   Actual 36511 MB    Passed
4.	Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 2013 MB    Passed
5.	Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2019-12-16_02-28-38PM. Please wait ...[oracle@oracle database]$ You can find the log of this install session at:
6.	 /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2019-12-16_02-28-38PM.log
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7. 至此安装应该正在运行中，见到如下内容并且log日志不报错的情况下，即软件安装成功

8.	The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user. 
9.	 #!/bin/sh 
10.	 #Root scripts to run
11.	/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
12.	/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
13.	To execute the configuration scripts:
14.		 1. Open a terminal window 
15.		 2. Log in as "root" 
16.		 3. Run the scripts 
17.		 4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue 
18.	 Successfully Setup Software.
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根据第10行提示，切换root账户，进入相应目录下执行两个shell文件。

3.4静默配置监听

默认情况下，执行如下静默安装命令即可配置监听文件。如果netca显示not command，到/bin/目录下执行。

#netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/database/database/response/netca.rsp
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若没有报错会在$TNS_ADMIN 下生成 listener.ora 和 sqlnet.ora

lsnrctl start #启动监听 # netstat -ano|grep 1521 #端口已经开启，监听配置完毕

3.5静默建库

cp /home/oracledatabase/response/dbca.rsp /home/oracledatabase/response/dbca.rsp.default # vi etc/dbca.rsp
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[GENERAL]    #Genreal不要更改，
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]   #更改实际建库信息
GDBNAME = "dbsrv2"
SID = "dbsrv2"
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"
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#dbca -silent -responseFile etc/dbca.rsp  #实例创建完成
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4、安装报错解析：

4.1 SEVERE: Email Address Not Specified

现象：

SEVERE: Email Address Not Specified
INFO: Adding ExitStatus VAR_VALIDATION_FAILURE to the exit status set
WARNING: A log of this session is currently saved as: /tmp/OraInstall2010-01-20_05-33-57PM/installActions2010-01-20_05-33-57PM.log. Oracle recommends that if you want to keep this log, you should move it from the temporary location to a more permanent location.
INFO: Finding the most appropriate exit status for the current application
INFO: Exit Status is -2
INFO: Shutdown Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Installer
INFO: Unloading Setup Driver
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解决方案：邮箱未指定，db_install.rsp应答文件加一个选项: DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

4.2 The operating system group specified for central inventory

(oraInventory) ownership is invalid
解决：设置具有写oraInventory权限的组
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/oracle/oraInventory
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4.3 Global database name cannot be left blank.

解决：不更改默认项一般不会出问题，设置如下选项或者恢复默认设置
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=oracle.sunyard
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4.4 Automatic Storage Management software is not configured on this system.

解决： 配置Oracle存储方式

4.5 The ADMIN password entered is invalid.

解决：密码不能带@

4.6 User is not a member of the following chosen OS groups

解决：将“User”的组设置清楚，是否归属dba和oinstall
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
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